Jewish Feasts: The Day of Atonement

Yom kippur: The Day of Atonement

Sorry folks, but somehow, my recording was set to "Time Lapse," and an hour of teaching got pushed into 21 seconds. Here's the notes!

My Handout

1. OT teaching
1. Lev 16:
1. The 10th day of the month, following “ten days of awe” or “ten days of repentance.”
2. The cumulative effect of the sacrifices throughout the year are to roll the sins back to this day, when they are judged by God.
3. All sins, known and unknown can be forgiven (vs 30).  
4. Involves confession and repentance (vs 21)
5. Sins’ effect on the priest and temple/tabernacle is ceremonially removed.
1. God’s sanctuary is profaned by the sins of the people, even though they don’t commit them in the sanctuary.
1. Lev 20:3
2. 2Ch4 36:14
2. When individuals sacrifice for their sins, they are forgiven of them, but the sanctuary is defiled (Lev 4:31, 35; 5:6, 10, 13;12:6-8)
3. The sanctuary and the priests become repositories of repented sins (Lev 4; Lev 10) and need to have those sins that have been stored up dealt with.
4. The record of sins does not go away, but the sins are transferred from man’s account to God’s. “Books”
1. Ex 32:32-33
2. Ezek 13:9
3. Dan 7:10; 12:1
4. Rev 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27
5. God accepts the duty of dealing with repented sins by “storing” them in the sanctuary.
6. The priest must first make atonement for his own sins, then the sins of the temple/tabernacle, then the sins of the people.
7. It’s about getting the filth out.
1. Scapegoat.
2. Portions of the bull not used in sacrifice are to be burned outside the camp.
3. Lots of requirements for bathing clothes and bodies.
6. Very careful prescriptions about what to do.
1. The garments for service in the sanctuary don’t leave the sanctuary.
2. They are not to be worn for service outside.
3. Sprinkled on the altar 7 times. Completion.  
7. The veil and the cloud of incense: hides the glory of God
1. Fear of inappropriately approaching the presence of God
1. Lev 10:1-3
2. Ex 33:20
2. bells and rope by Christ’s time.
8. Two goats (vs 7-10). Very important!
1. Certain sins are paid for by the first goat.
2. Certain sins are sent away from the presence of God unatoned for.
1. Azazel another name for Satan?
2. A compound word for “goat” and “going away.” Better. Scapegoat.
3. God’s judgments are revealed.  His forgiving some sins and sending the others away is visible, able to be witnessed (Rom 3:4; Rev 15:4)
2. Lev 23:26-32:
1. No work.
2. Not a feast.  A fast. “Afflict yourselves.”
1. Only day of fasting prescribed in scripture.  “The great fast.” or simply “The fast” (Acts 27:9 ESV, NASB)
2. God is judging sin. Be somber.
3. It’s not because of anything the people have done that God chooses to judge goats rather than them.  
3. Penalties for abusing this day are severe:
1. If you do not fast=cut off from the people.
2. If you work=killed.
4. Reinforces the Jewish day, from evening to evening.
3. Num 29:7-11
1. Unremarkable list of sacrifices, in comparison to Booths just a few days later.
2. Animals needed to be spotless, blameless.  The sin of the sinner was exchanged for the righteousness of the animal through confession the sins of the people over the animal.  Then, the sins were dealt with in the bodies of the animals.
3. Notice “pleasing aroma.”  God is able to be worshipped and adored even when He is judging sin.  We don’t have to be ashamed that our God is one of judgment.  Worship Him for it!
4. Atonement on a yearly basis points toward the final judgment of sin at the end of the age.
1. Daniel 7:9-14
2. Daniel 12:1-4
2. Christological Fulfillment
1. Repentance and confession are preludes to the efficacy of Christ’s forgiveness in a person’s life: 1Jn 1:9; Rom 10:9-10
2. Sins rolled back throughout the ages until Christ’s sacrifice: Rom 3:23-26, Hebrews 10:1-4.
1. Pronouncements of forgiveness happen 20 times in Leviticus, but they are about transferring the debt of the sin away from the repentant and into “God’s books.”
2. The Day of Atonement every year pointed to the final forgiveness and judgment of sin, which happened (is happening) in two stages.
3. The earthly priest and tabernacle/temple are shadows of the heavenly reality.  (Heb 8:2-5; 9:11-12, 2-24; Rev 7:15)
1. Christ became a curse for us Gal 3:13; 1Pe 2:24; Isa 53:4;
2. Heaven purified: Heb 9:19-28, esp vs23
3. Christ the perfect High Priest for our ministry: Heb 10:11-14
4. The “Books” are managed by Christ (Rev 3:5)
4. Christ laid aside his high-priestly garments (glory) when he left the Holy Place (heaven) and walked among us.
1. Phil 2:7
2. John 17:4,5
3. Took them up again: Rev 1:17, Heb 8:1; 12:2
5. Very precise instructions: Matthew 7:13-14; John 14:6; Acts 4:12
1. There is only one way that this “works.”  
2. No deviation is permissible Gal 1:8
6. Major difference: The intimacy!
1. Before, the act of worship (incense) obscured the view of God’s presence.  
1. Veil
2. Smoke
3. One man only; one day only
2. Now, we may enter into the presence of God boldly
1. Torn veil, Matt 27:51
2. Eph 3:12
3. Heb 4:16
4. Heb 10:19-24
7. Two goats!
1. We are currently between “goat 1” and “goat 2.”
2. Christ’s sacrifice for the atonement of repented sin is complete (Heb 10).
3. Currently, he is in glory, ministering on our behalf, waiting for the completion of those who will come into the body (and therefore participate in the forgiveness he wrought with his blood).
1. Heb 1:13; 10:12-15;
2. 1Cor 15:26
4. His judgement of unrepentant sin and the banishment of it to Hell is yet in our future (Rev 20). At this time will the final body of Christ (Messianic-believing Jew, Church-age Christian, Tribulation Saint, and Millennial-kingdom believer) be complete.  At this point, will the full day of Atonement picture be fulfilled.
1. There will be a time with the “second goat,” unrepented sin, is sent away from God’s presence, into Hell.
2. Then, Atonement is complete, and the “task” of Christ to redeem the world will be accomplished.
3. At this point, the Father is free to re-create the cosmos without the presence of sin (Rev 21-22).
4. Just as the sacrifices of Atonement are visible and in the open, so are the final judgments of God something that all the world will see.
8. Our responses to the vision of judgment:
1. Be somber and grateful that it does not fall on us (Rev 8:1; Heb 10:31)
2. If you do not repent, your sins are not forgiven (1Jn 1:9)
3. Rest in the grace of God.  Don’t work! Rom 4:4-8; Rom 6:23
4. Worshipping God during and because of his judgments, as examples of his righteousness and justice, is modeled in heaven. Rev 19:1-5

The Feasts: Introduction and the Feast of Trumpets

The Feasts of Israel: 

Introduction and The Feast Of Trumpets

Our homegroup is going to study the Jewish Feasts as they come this year.  This study introduces the Jewish feasts in broad strokes and talks about what we, as gentile New-Testament Christians, are doing talking about/celebrating the feasts at all.  We need to find a balance between ignoring them entirely as part of the "Old" covenant and falling into the error of looking to the law to somehow gain us greater favor with God.  Christianity is built on the Bible... the Whole Bible.  A Christian can and should study, know about, and honor the spirit of the feasts, but we shouldn't try to fulfill them literally.  Christ already has.  

Having this perspective, we then begin by studying the Feast of Trumpets which, at the time of this post's publication, starts tomorrow.  We look at how the Feast of Trumpets points to the rapture and use this as an opportunity to teach about the pre-tribulational rapture of the church. 

The following video is of me teaching the class.  My notes follow. 

1. Introduction: What we should and should not do with the feasts.
1. Should do:
1. Know all that we can know about them!
1. Part of the spoken word of God, recorded in scripture, and given to us, as is all scripture, “breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.” (2Tim 3:16-17)
2. Part of salvific history
3. Historical Markers, ceremonial reminders of the goodness of God in the past.
4. Prophetic Messianic markers, looking forward (at that time, and today) to the work of Messiah.  Some has been accomplished, some has not yet.
2. Celebrate them in Spirit, not in letter.
1. We know that the law is good (Rom 7:12); and that it will not cease to be the word of God until the cosmos goes away (Matt 5:18)
2. We are told that at least the feasts of Passover and Tabernacles will be celebrated in the Messianic Kingdom.  
1. Exek 45: 21-26

21“In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you shall celebrate the Feast of the Passover, and for seven days unleavened bread shall be eaten. 22On that day the prince shall provide for himself and all the people of the land a young bull for a sin offering. 23And on the seven days of the festival he shall provide as a burnt offering to the LORD seven young bulls and seven rams without blemish, on each of the seven days; and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 24And he shall provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a hinj of oil to each ephah. 25In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month and for the seven days of the feast, he shall make the same provision for sin offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings, and for the oil.

2. Zech 14:16-19

“16 Then everyone who survives of all the nations that have come against Jerusalem shall go up year after year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the Feast of Booths. 17 And if any of the families of the earth do not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, there will be no rain on them.18 And if the family of Egypt does not go up and present themselves, then on them there shall be no rain; there shall be the plague with which the LORD afflicts the nations that do not go up to keep the Feast of Booths. 19 This shall be the punishment to Egypt and the punishment to all the nations that do not go up to keep the Feast of Booths.”

3. There may be others celebrated in the Messianic Kingdom, Ezek 46:9

9“When the people of the land come before the LORD at the appointed feasts, he who enters by the north gate to worship shall go out by the south gate, and he who enters by the south gate shall go out by the north gate: no one shall return by way of the gate by which he entered, but each shall go out straight ahead.

4. We are encouraged in the New Testament to accept the festivals as part of our faith, as having been fulfilled (or to be imminently fulfilled) in Christ (from http://doctorwoodhead.com/jewish-festivals-in-the-millennial-kingdom/2/):

1. Passover was fulfilled in the death of Christ the Redeemer, but clearly continues to the Millennium as a ceremony. (I Corinthians 5:7)

2. The Feast of Unleavened Bread is being fulfilled in the holy separate walk of the believer who fellowships with our Savior (I Corinthians 5:6-8; II Corinthians 7:1; Galatians 5:7-9)

3. The Feast of Firstfruits was fulfilled in the resurrection of Christ (I Corinthians 15:23)

4. The Feast of Pentecost was fulfilled in the establishment of the Church at Pentecost fifty days after the resurrection of Jesus (I Corinthians 10:16; 12:12-13)

5. The Feast of Trumpets will be fulfilled in the future regathering of Israel at the beginning of the Kingdom (Isaiah 18:3, 7; 27:12-13; Ezekiel 37:1-14) AND IN THE RAPTURE

6. The day of Atonement will be fulfilled in its prophetic features in the final conversion of “all Israel” at the Second Coming Zechariah 12:10-13; 13:1 Romans 11:26)

2. However, we CANNOT celebrate them in letter, because:
1. EVERY festival requires a sacrifice to be made at the temple (Numbers 28-29).  
2. Three of the festivals need to be celebrated at the temple in Jerusalem.
3. God, wanting to make sure that His people knew that the temple services no longer were valid, destroyed His temple in AD 70, and it no longer provides this option to His people.  Christ is the only mediator.
4. Jesus has done away with the need for all animal sacrifice (Heb 10)
5. We are strictly warned not to look to the law for purity from sin. Gal 5:2-6:

“2 Look: I, Paul, say to you that if you accept circumcision, Christ will be of no advantage to you. 3 I testify again to every man who accepts circumcision that he is obligated to keep the whole law. 4 You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we ourselves eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness.6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything, but only faith working through love.

6. Also, as a blanket statement, Christ is the end of the law for righteousness, Romans 10:4
6. Also, we are not to look down on the Christian traditional holidays of Easter and Christmas, forsaking them in favor of the Jewish festivals, simply because they are “Biblical” and Christmas and Easter are not.
1. As stated above, any celebration of the Jewish festivals today are NOT strictly Biblical.  They can’t be without a temple and sacrifices.
2. The Jewish celebrations of these holidays have morphed so much over time adding tradition and additional practice that they are no more Biblical than Christmas trees and Easter eggs today.
3. The point is to honor and worship God and His Son, who instilled and fulfilled these holidays, and be edified by them.

II. Rosh Hashana (The Jewish New Year, Feast of Trumpets)

1. Lev 23:23
1. First day of the 7th month (according to the sacred year).
1. Became the first day of the civil year
2. Believed to be the anniversary of Creation
2. A blast on the trumpet to alert the people that the fall festivals have begun.
3. Begins a 10-day window of fasting and mourning over sin.
4. Heights of legalism and pious observance of the law.
5. Required a day of solemn rest and sabbath.
6. Called to gather together and worship (but not necessarily at Jerusalem)
7. Called to bring a food offering (this begins the time of fall Harvest.  Food is not yet plentiful.)
2. Numbers 29
1. The sacrifices listed
2. Normal daily offering, PLUS the new moon offering, PLUS several additional sacrifices.
3. A "pleasing aroma," literally meaning "to be made into smoke."
1. Completely consumed.  
2. A time of complete devotion is coming.
3. The kind of trumpet is not specified "A day for blasting"
1. The sound is what is signified.  H: Teruwah N. a loud shout, alarm or blast of a trumpet.
2. Verbal form is Ruwah, which is used in Job 38:7 regarding creation.
1. This is why the Jews believe that this is the day of creation.
2. If so, and if their calendar is correct in counting years, then Rosh Hashanah this year (2015) will begin year 5776 since creation.
3. Silver Trumpets of Numbers 10
1. To be blown to call people together for worship
2. To send them out
3. To sound the alarm to prepare them for battle.
4. To proclaim feasts.
5. Used for this holiday until the captivity to Babylon. Then, they were lost.
4. Shofar, Rams' horns
1. Pictures of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice Isaac.
2. They believe that the shofar proclaims that God will save the Jews and restore them to greatness at the last moment, when all hope is lost... and they're right! Matt 24
5. Both trumpets’ symbolisms are conveyed in the holiday.
4. Trumpets and the Rapture:
1. Jesus has fulfilled one aspect of Sukkot, the late fall feast, and he has fulfilled all of the Spring feasts.  
1. Note: He fulfilled them all on the actual days.
2. Trumpets is next.
2. The rapture will accomplish several things:
1. The “last trumpet” will be the rapture
1. 1Cor 15:51-52
2. 1Thes 4:16-18
2. The church (Bride of Christ) will consummate its marriage to Christ
1. At the beginning of a wedding feast, a trumpet is blown before the bridegroom as he comes to take his bride.
2. During the 7-day wedding feast, the bride and bridegroom are intimate, the guests rejoice, and those who were not ready mourn
1. Gen 29:22-28
2. Judges 14
3. Mat 25:1-13
4. Matthew 25
5. Joel 2:15-16
6. This 7-day feast represents the 7-year tribulation period, when the church is finally with her bridegroom in true intimacy, and those outside are tormented.
3. At the end of the 7-day feast is a marriage supper, the height of the party. The bride and groom are pronounced one.  Rev 19
3. On the feast of trumpets, the East gate of the temple (normally closed) was opened (Ezek 46)
1. Rev 3:8
2. Rev 4:1
3. Matt 25:10
4. John 10:7-9
5. Isa 26:19-21
6. Luke 13:24
7. Ps 27:5
4. Those who are raptured are hidden from the wrath of God.
1. a derivation of the same root word used to describe this feast in the OT can also mean “hidden.”  Some Jews call this the “hidden” feast.
2. We will be hidden from the wrath of God.
1. Psalm 27:5
2. Psalm 47
3. Isa 26:20
4. Joel 2:1, 32
5. Zeph 1:14-16; 2:3
5. Those not raptured who should have known better (those cultural Christians, and especially the Jews) will repent in large numbers, seek the Lord, and be the tribulation church.  This is also a feature of the feast of trumpets.
1. Neh 8:1-3
2. Ezra 3:5-8
3. Dan 12:1-2
3. I thought the rapture’s date was unknown?
1. The Feast of Trumpets’ fulfillment in the rapture will happen on this feast, but which which day of the feast and which year is hidden.
2. 1Thes 5:1-11 & 2Pet 3:10

1. The unsaved will be caught off guard.  The saints will not.
2. We are not to be “in the dark” about the rapture.
3. “Like a thief in the night” phrase was frequently used of the bridegroom, who would shout gather the guests hurriedly and unexpectedly for the wedding feast.

3. Matt 25:13

1. First sight of the first sliver of the crescent moon over Jerusalem. Don’t know when.  Even now, with Google’s astronomy tools, you don’t know when it will be seen.   
2. Notice it doesn’t say that you won’t know the season (ref above).
3. Also, we are to look at the signs of his coming and know that it approaches (Matt 24)