Jesus in the Old Testament 015: Jesus and The Feast of Tabernacles

Jesus in the Old Testament 015:

Jesus and The Feast of Tabernacles

Thesis: Sukkot celebrates many Christological themes.  Among those themes is the sheltering mercy of God over His people. God desires to shelter his people and invites them to see His goodness in this way.  In response, we are to shelter others in His name.

1. Nutshell w/kids
1. When you go camping, what is different then versus living in your homes?
2. Have you ever gone camping and slept outside without a tent?  What do you think that would be like?
3. Why is it important to have shelter?
4. Feast of Tabernacles celebrates lots of things, but we are going to be talking about God as our shelter.  What do you think that means?
5. God wants to be our only source of peace, comfort, and confidence.  He is our ultimate shelter.
6. God also wants us to be a shelter for those around us who need physical help or haven’t heard about the love of God for them.

2. Deeper w/ Adults
1. Overview of Sukkot:
1. One of Six Biblically-Commanded Jewish Feasts, one of Three Pilgrimage Feasts.
2. OT Commands:
1. Lev 23:33-36
2. Num 29:12-28
3. Deut 16:13-17
3. Celebrates many things:
1. God’s presence with His people (last time)
2. Fulfillment of the harvest (precursor to Thanksgiving)
3. Fulfillment of God’s word (Simchat Torah)
4. Fulfillment of God’s plan (first and last)
5. Joy after judgment (Wiping the tear)
6. Universal love of God for the nations (70 nations in Gen 10-11, 70 bulls sacrificed; “Peace to you and Joy to the nations”)
2. Shelters
1. Hebrew word: Sukkah, סֻכָּה çukkâh, sook-kaw'; feminine of H5520; a hut or lair:—booth, cottage, covert, pavilion, tabernacle, tent.
2. Commanded to build as a part of the holiday
1. Lev 23:42
2. Neh 8:13-17 from the branches of “goodly trees” that were mentioned in scripture.
3. Temporary shelter, a dwelling “on your way”
1. They were originally on their way to the promised land.
2. God also dwelt in a tabernacle, a tent (Ex 33:7)
3. When Israel was permanently settled, it was a time to look back to the God who was with them on their way and also a reminder that not even this life, settled though it may be, is a permanent dwelling for their soul (Lev 23:43).
4. Paul picks up on this idea in 2Cor 5:1-10.
5. Greek word: σκῆνος skēnos, skay'-nos; from G4633; a hut or temporary residence, i.e. (figuratively) the human body (as the abode of the spirit):—tabernacle
3. Verbal use: “to shelter”
1. The same root that is used as a noun in “tabernacle” or “booth” can be used verbally: סָכַךְ çâkak, saw-kak'; or שָׂכַךְ sâkak; (Exodus 33:22), a primitive root; properly, to entwine as a screen; by implication, to fence in, cover over, (figuratively) protect:—cover, defense, defend, hedge in, join together, set, shut up.
2. This word has a similar word, nearly a synonym contextually, in: צָלַל tsâlal, tsaw-lal'; a primitive root (identical with through the idea of hovering over (compare H6754)); to shade, as twilight or an opaque object:—begin to be dark, shadowing.
3. These two words together are what underlie the usage of “shelter” in a verbal sense in the OT.
4. Gen 19:8 first use.  Terrible story.  The visitors are more worthy of protection than Lot’s daughters because they have come under his shelter. 
5. Num 14:8-9.  Here “protection.”
4. God as our shelter.
1. God sheltered the children of Israel during the exodus so that their tents, clothing, and shoes were miraculously sustained during 40 years in the wilderness.
2. He used that picture to represent what he does for his people in numerous other ways.
3. The shadow of his blessing:
1. Psa 17:8
2. Psa 36:7
3. Psa 57:1
4. Psa 63:7
5. Psa 91:1-4
4. God desires to be our only source of shelter and protection. Isa 30:1-3.
5. When God protects us, we need not fear the wrath of man. Isa 51:12-16
6. Sukkot in Heaven Rev 7:9-17
1. Dressed in white
2. Palm branches
3. Wipe away every tear
4. God shelters them.
7. The Millennial kingdom
1. Isa 4:2-6
2. Isa 16:1-5, specifically mentioning gentiles grafted into the Messianic Kingdom.
3. Ezek 17:22-24, also specifically mentioning gentiles.
5. What does this mean for the church today?
1. We are to rest in the sheltering protection of God and not seek it from outside sources: Government, etc.
2. We are to shelter others with the sheltering we have received from God.
1. Luke 6:32-36
2. Jas 2:14-17
3. Jas 1:27

Discussion Questions:

1. Do you think of God as a shelter?
2. How does God’s desire to be a shelter for you help you see Him differently?
3. How have you enjoyed the shelter of God recently?
4. How have you been a shelter for others in His name recently?
5. If you haven’t, how can you make concrete plans to be a shelter for someone soon?

Jesus in the Old Testament 014: Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement

Jesus in the Old Testament 014:

Yom Kippur, The Day of Atonement

Thesis:  In God’s economy of dealing with sin, there is a sense in which sins of the repentant are rolled back to a future point of reckoning.  Proximally, that day of account is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.  Even this day, though, only pre-figures the ultimate reckoning of sin in the atonement of Christ. 

 

Nutshell w/Kids:

1. What happens when you sin? (God is angry, we have a problem, etc.)
2. When you confess your sin and ask God to forgive you, what happens to your sins? (They are gone, they go away).
3. The Jewish concept of sins being a spiritual object that has to be done away with.
4. The Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur celebrated that God forgave sin and did away with it.
1. Two goats
2. Jesus is the fulfillment of this.
5. Names of the righteous written in the book of life and sealed.
6. If you have asked Jesus to forgive you, your name is in the book of life as well.
7. Set up crafts.

Deeper w/adults:

1. OT teaching
1. Lev 16:
1. The 10th day of the month, following “ten days of awe” or “ten days of repentance.”
2. The cumulative effect of the sacrifices throughout the year is to roll the sins back to this day when they are judged by God.
3. All sins, known and unknown can be forgiven (vs 30). 
4. Involves confession and repentance (vs 21)
5. Sins’ effect on the priest and temple/tabernacle is ceremonially removed.

a)    God’s sanctuary is profaned by the sins of the people, even though they don’t commit them in the sanctuary.

(1)  Lev 20:3

(2)  2Ch 36:14

b)    When individuals sacrifice for their sins, they are forgiven of them, but the sanctuary is defiled (Lev 4:31, 35; 5:6, 10, 13;12:6-8)

c)    The sanctuary and the priests become repositories of repented sins (Lev 4; Lev 10) and need to have those sins that have been stored up dealt with.

d)    The record of sins does not go away, but the sins are transferred from man’s account to God’s. “Books”

(1)  Ex 32:32-33

(2)  Ezek 13:9

(3)  Dan 7:10; 12:1

(4)  Rev 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27

e)    God accepts the duty of dealing with repented sins by “storing” them in the sanctuary.

f)     The priest must first make atonement for his own sins, then the sins of the temple/tabernacle, then the sins of the people.

g)    It’s about getting the filth out.

(1)  Scapegoat.

(2)  Portions of the bull not used in sacrifice are to be burned outside the camp.

(3)  Lots of requirements for bathing clothes and bodies.

6. Very careful prescriptions about what to do.

a)    The garments for service in the sanctuary don’t leave the sanctuary.

b)    They are not to be worn for service outside.

c)    Sprinkled on the altar 7 times. Completion. 

7. The veil and the cloud of incense hide the glory of God

a)    Fear of inappropriately approaching the presence of God

(1)  Lev 10:1-3

(2)  Ex 33:20

b)    bells and rope by Christ’s time.

8. Two goats (vs 7-10). Very important!

a)    Certain sins are paid for by the first goat.

b)    Certain sins are sent away from the presence of God unatoned for.

(1)  Azazel another name for Satan?

(2)  A compound word for “goat” and “going away.” Better. Scapegoat.

c)    God’s judgments are revealed.  His forgiving some sins and sending the others away is visible, able to be witnessed (Rom 3:21-26; Rev 15:5-8)

2. Lev 23:26-32:
1. No work.
2. Not a feast.  A fast. “Afflict yourselves.”

a)    The only day of fasting prescribed in scripture.  “The great fast.” or simply “The fast” (Acts 27:9 ESV, NASB)

b)    God is judging sin. Be somber.

c)    It’s not because of anything the people have done that God chooses to judge goats rather than them. 

3. Penalties for abusing this day are severe:

a)    If you do not fast=cut off from the people.

b)    If you work=killed.

4. Reinforces the Jewish day, from evening to evening.
2. Atonement on a yearly basis points toward the final judgment of sin at the end of the age.
1. Daniel 7:9-14
2. Daniel 12:1-4
1. Christological Fulfillment
1. Repentance and confession are preludes to the efficacy of Christ’s forgiveness in a person’s life: 1Jn 1:9; Rom 10:9-10
2. Sins rolled back throughout the ages until Christ’s sacrifice: Rom 3:23-26, Hebrews 10:1-4.
1. Pronouncements of forgiveness happen 20 times in Leviticus, but they are about transferring the debt of the sin away from the repentant and into “God’s books.”
2. Jewish believers hoped to have their names sealed in the book of life, which is alluded to in Eph 1:13
3. The Day of Atonement every year pointed to the final forgiveness and judgment of sin, which happened (is happening) in two stages.
3. The earthly priest and tabernacle/temple are shadows of the heavenly reality.  (Heb 8:2-5; 9:11-12, 20-24; Rev 7:15)
1. Christ became a curse for us Gal 3:13; 1Pe 2:24; Isa 53:4;
2. Heaven purified: Heb 9:19-28, esp vs23
3. Christ the perfect High Priest for our ministry: Heb 10:11-14
4. The “Books” are managed by Christ (Rev 3:5)
4. Christ laid aside his high-priestly garments (glory) when he left the Holy Place (heaven) and walked among us.
1. Phil 2:7
2. John 17:4,5
3. Took them up again: Rev 1:17, Heb 8:1; 12:2
5. Very precise instructions: Matthew 7:13-14; John 14:6; Acts 4:12
1. There is only one way that this “works.” 
2. No deviation is permissible Gal 1:8
6. Major difference: intimacy!
1. Before, the act of worship (incense) obscured the view of God’s presence. 

a)    Veil

b)    Smoke

c)    One man only; one day only

2. Now, we may enter into the presence of God boldly

a)    Torn veil, Matt 27:51

b)    Eph 3:12

c)    Heb 4:16

d)    Heb 10:19-24

7. Two goats!
1. We are currently between “goat 1” and “goat 2.”
2. Christ’s sacrifice for the atonement of repented sin is complete (Heb 10).
3. Currently, he is in glory, ministering on our behalf, waiting for the completion of those who will come into the body (and therefore participate in the forgiveness he wrought with his blood).

a)    Heb 1:13; 10:12-15;

b)    1Cor 15:26

4. His judgment of unrepentant sin and the banishment of it to Hell is yet in our future (Rev 20). At this time will the final body of Christ (Messianic-believing Jew, Church-age Christian, Tribulation Saint, and Millennial-kingdom believer) be complete.  At this point, will the full day of Atonement picture be fulfilled.

a)    There will be a time with the “second goat,” unrepented sin, is sent away from God’s presence, into Hell.

b)    Then, Atonement is complete, and the “task” of Christ to redeem the world will be accomplished.

c)    At this point, the Father is free to re-create the cosmos without the presence of sin (Rev 21-22).

d)    Just as the sacrifices of Atonement are visible and in the open, so are the final judgments of God something that all the world will see.

8. Our responses to the vision of judgment:
1. Be somber and grateful that it does not fall on us (Rev 8:1; Heb 10:31)
2. If you do not repent, your sins are not forgiven (1Jn 1:9)
3. Rest in the grace of God.  Don’t work! Rom 4:4-8; Rom 6:23
4. Worshipping God during and because of his judgments, as examples of his righteousness and justice, is modeled in heaven. Rev 19:1-5

Discussion Questions:

1. This holiday is about the fact that God will judge sin.  How does the sacrifice to cleanse from sin (goat 1) remind you of Jesus?
2. How does the scapegoat that carries sin away point us to Jesus as well?
3. The Bible teaches about the “books” of judgment that God keeps for all the sins of people who have not asked for forgiveness.  It also teaches about the “book of life” that keeps the names of those who are forgiven.  Which book(s) applies to you?
4. Those people whose names are written in the book of life are sealed.  What does this mean?  How does it change the way you live, knowing that your name is sealed in the book?

Jewish Feasts: The Feast of Sukkot

Jewish Feasts: The Feast of Sukkot

This is the BIGGEST PARTY of the year for Judaism.  It's Christmas and Thanksgiving wrapped into one with a block party thrown in for fun.  

The symbols of Concluding time, Light, Water, and Celebration permeate so much of our Christian faith, that you really don't understand all that the Bible means you to understand about Jesus' life without a knowledge of this feast.  We'll take two weeks to walk through the outline that follows.  I'll post the videos both on this blog, so check back next week for part 2.

My Handout

1. OT Instructions:
1. Lev 23:33-36
2. Num 29:12-28
1. For all the nations
1. Gen 12:3
2. Deut 28:10
3. Isa 56:7
2. Sacrificed 70 bulls across the 7 days, one for each of the original nations of men (Gen 10-11)
3. The branches that were waved before the Lord were from the 4 corners of Israel, symbolizing the four corners of the Earth, all the nations.
4. Greeting given during this feast: Peace to you and joy to the nations. It was to celebrate that God has blessed the whole earth through his residence among the Jews, Abrahamic covenant.
5. This joy, 5 days after the solemn Day of Atonement, was often called “wiping the tears from the eye.”
3. Deut 16:13-17
1. Fulfillment of time.
2. Precursor to thanksgiving as a harvest festival
3. The reading of the Torah  ended and began again on the eighth day (Simkat Torah)
4. Called the “First and the Last”
4. God with us
1. Tabernacles: temporary housing.  Israelite tents or the tent of meeting.
2. Isa 7:14
3. When the temple was dedicated (1 Kings 8:2)
5. Symbols:
1. Water
1. Everyone entering the temple needed to mikvah at the pool of siloam (be baptized).  Afterward, a white robe.
2. Libation ceremony
1. Every day, the priests would go down to the pool of Siloam, which signified cleansing to the Jews, and would gather about ½ L of water.  This would be poured out on the temple at sunrise each day.
2. It symbolized purification of their sins
3. It reminded the Israelites of their provision in the wilderness (The rock that was struck)
4. On the last day, they would pour the water into a silver bowl with a regulated hole in the bottom of it.  A similar bowl would be filled with wine.  The valves were opened and the water and wine would flow off the edge of the altar and strike the base of the altar at the same time.
5. This resulted in a huge celebration “You have not experienced joy unless you have participated in the water ablation ceremony.”
3. Rain Zech 14: 8, 16-20
2. Light
1. Birth of the Paschal Lamb
1. Lambs sacrificed at Passover need to be 1 year old.  Middle of the year, 1.5 years old. 18 months. (Ex 12:5)
2. Lambs to be sacrificed at a passover are born during Sukkot two years before (born now, sacrificed April 2017).
3. Lambs needed to be born near Jerusalem.  Biggest lamb-producing region was Bethlehem.
4. Shepherds kept pregnant Ewes in caves to protect them and would signal when the FIRST passover lamb was born.
1. Wrapped in linnen by a levitical shepherd if fit for sacrifice. Killed immediately if not.
2. It was the shepherd’s job to get word back to Jerusalem that the lamb had been born.
5. A unique location: Migdal Eder Genesis 35:21
1. Name means “Tower of the Flock”
2. Rachel dies near here, in hard labor.
3. Her child is named by her “Son of my Sorrow.”
4. Jacob calls the child, “Son of my Right Hand.”
5. Prophecy of the future suffering of Israel looks back to that moment, Jer 31:15.
6. This prophecy fulfilled in the slaughter of children 2 yrs old and under in Bethlehem and the surrounding area by Herod in an attempt to exterminate Jesus.  Quoted in Matthew 1:18
7. The land between the tower and Bethlehem was believed by the Rabbis to be the land that Boaz bought when he married Ruth.
8. This land would then have passed down to his descendants, including Jesse and David.
9. It is possible that David watched his father’s sheep from this tower, about 1Km out of town, which is why he was not present when his other brothers were presented to Samuel and why he had to be fetched.
10. Mica 4:8, just a few verses before the prophecy that Messiah would be born in Bethlehem, states that he would be announced from Migdal Eder.
11. Several of the Rabbis taught that Messiah will announce his arrival from the top of the tower based on this verse.
2. Temple Candelabra The festival of lights Took place on the last day as well. Just as the day’s light was fading
1. Huge lamps with bowls of oil containing 10 gal of oil each were attached in groups of four to one pillar that raised them 75 feet in the air. The wicks were made of worn-out priestly garments.  There were four of these in the temple courtyard.
2. When they were lit, it was said that there could be no darkness in the whole temple square. Shadows were driven away.
3. One set of these lamps would be kept lit from the time of Migdal Eder’s signal.  The others would be lit on the last twilight.
4. This would be the moment at which “Simkat Torah” occurred. The last passage from the Torah would be read in the fading moments of daylight, and Genesis 1 would be read after sunset.
3. God as light:
1. Zech 14:6-7
2. Rev 21:23
2. NT pictures
1. The Birth of Christ (luke 2)
1. Timing:
1. “Those days,” The days of Herod (1:5) Herod died in 4 BC
2. Decree that the world should be taxed, given by Cesar Augustus in 8 BC.  Herod resisted, fearing a riot by the Jews. Herod’s resistance pushed the execution of the census back until at least 6BC.
3. “Quirinius was governor of Syria,” Bible vindicated. He was in power and functioning as governor under Varus, who was a drunkard.  Then, he came to full power in AD 6, after spending some time in Rome.
4. Joseph fled Israel during the slaughter of the children under Herod and stayed in Egypt for a time, so the Birth of Christ must have been before 4BC.
5. The best guess is that Jesus was born in 5 BC.
6. We know the timing during that year.  Zacharias was in the 8th course of priests, which serves during the 10th week of the year.  Elizabeth conceived shortly after his return from service.  40 weeks later, John was born.  Six months later, Jesus was born.
7. This puts his birth at the feast of Tabernacles, 5BC, which was Sept 14-22 on our calendar.  He was born during this week.
2. Swaddled him, normal.  Manger, unusual.  Parallel to newborn sacrificial lambs. He was fit for sacrifice!
3. Shepherds—levitical shepherds waiting for the birth of the first Passover lamb on top of Migdal Eder
4. Cognate Accusatives: Use of the adverbal and verbal forms of a word to express a deeper meaning than the verb alone carries, almost always used to describe extreme emotion.  2x in this passage:
1. Watchfully watching
2. Fearfully gripped with fear Mega!
5. Glory to God.  This is the ever-true situation of the universe.  God seeks to magnify his own glory, and Creation sees to it that this is done.
6. The Angels don’t have to tell the Shepherds where Jesus is.  Perhaps they knew that his mother had been forced to use a nearby “birthing cave.”
7. They spread the news of the birth of Jesus, the last and greatest Passover Lamb.
8. Light the fires? Perhaps. The star was God’s trump card there.
9. The shepherds left their post, left their “watchful watching.”  They had found what they had been looking for all along, and they returned rejoicing.
10. Jesus came to Tabernacle among us Jn 1:14
2. Jesus at the feast: John 7-8
1. At the peak of the final day’s water libation ceremony, Jesus cries out that he is the source of living water and the light of the whole world!  
2. Water: John 7:37-38 (Exek 45:25; 47:1-10)
3. Light: John 8:12 (While reading Ps 118?)
3. Jesus at Transfiguration:
1. Mark 9.
2. Peter’s outburst is not only characteristic speaking before thinking.
3. Peter is recognizing that God is among his people, and his mind goes to this feast.
4. Celebration of Sukkot in heaven! Rev 7
1. White Robes
2. Palm branches
3. All nations
4. In the presence of God (rather than God among men), vs 9, 15
5. Shelter them: verbal form of the greek word used to translate the hebrew Sukka in septuagint.  “build a tabernacle over them.”
6. No more sun.  God is light (16)
7. No thirst, living water (vs 16, 17)
8. Lamb and shepherd (vs17)
5. Rev 21-22. The ultimate fulfillment of the feast.  THE GREAT DAY!
1. The dwelling of God is with man
1. 21:3 He will tabernacle (verbal form)  with them.
2. No temple (21:22) Perfect intimacy. No mediation
2. 21:4 Wipe away every tear from every eye.  Universal joy, not just for a few any longer.
3. Water
1. 21:6- living water for everyone.
2. River of life, 22:1
3. Water of life without price 22:17
4. Light, radiance, glory
1. 21:10-11.
2. 21:23. No sun or moon.  God is light (also 22:4)
5. For all the nations: 21:24-26
6. Jesus “first and last, beginning and end” Rev 22:12-13
7. Washed robes 22:14