Jesus in the Old Testament 013: Jesus and Rash Hashanah

Jesus in the Old Testament 013:

Jesus and the Rosh Hashanah

Thesis: Gentile Protestant Believers, while not at all under the law or bound to its regulations, still benefit from learning about the feasts of Israel, since they are all Christological and help us understand the person and work of Christ in unique ways.  The feast of Trumpets, or Rash Hashanah, points to the rapture of the church and helps us understand how this important future event plays into God’s over-arching plan of redemption.

1. Nutshell w/Kids (<5 min).  
1. Review of Holidays and their meanings:
1. Who can tell me what Christmas is about?
2. Easter?
3. Thanksgiving?
2. Did you know that, while all of these holidays honor and celebrate God, none of them are commanded in the Bible? It’s fine that we observe them, but God didn’t tell us to do it.
3. There are holidays that God told his people, the Jews, to celebrate.  The early Christians celebrated them as well. 
4. We aren’t under the law, so it isn’t wrong if you don’t celebrate them, just like it isn’t wrong to celebrate Christmas and Easter.  As long as you are honoring God, celebrating or not celebrating a holiday is not something God requires (Col 2:16).
5. We can learn a lot about God’s plan for the world and what Jesus came to do by studying the feasts, though.
6. The seven holidays given by God are:
1. Trumpets
2. Atonement
3. Booths
4. Passover
5. Unleavened Bread
6. First Fruits
7. Pentecost
7. We’re going to look at Trumpets tonight, which has to do with the rapture of the church. 
8. What can you tell me about the rapture?
9. We can learn much more about that event by studying Trumpets.  Your parents will help you understand some of these things after we’re done here.

2. Deeper w/adults
1. What we should do with Jewish Feasts:

1. Know all that we can know about them!

a)     Part of the spoken word of God, recorded in scripture, and given to us, as is all scripture, “breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.” (2Tim 3:16-17)

b)     Part of salvific history

c)      Historical Markers, ceremonial reminders of the goodness of God in the past.

d)     Prophetic Messianic markers, looking forward (at that time, and today) to the work of Messiah.  Some have been accomplished, some have not yet.

2. Celebrate them in Spirit, not in letter.

a)     We know that the law is good (Rom 7:12); and that it will not cease to be the word of God until the cosmos goes away (Matt 5:18)

b)     We are told that at least the feasts of Passover and Tabernacles will be celebrated in the Messianic Kingdom. 

(1)   Ezek 45: 21-26

21“In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you shall celebrate the Feast of the Passover, and for seven days unleavened bread shall be eaten. 22On that day the prince shall provide for himself and all the people of the land a young bull for a sin offering. 23And on the seven days of the festival he shall provide as a burnt offering to the LORD seven young bulls and seven rams without blemish, on each of the seven days; and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 24And he shall provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a hin^j of oil to each ephah. 25In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month and for the seven days of the feast, he shall make the same provision for sin offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings, and for the oil.

(2)  Zech 14:16-19

“16 Then everyone who survives of all the nations that have come against Jerusalem shall go up year after year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the Feast of Booths. 17 And if any of the families of the earth do not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, there will be no rain on them.18 And if the family of Egypt does not go up and present themselves, then on them there shall be no rain; there shall be the plague with which the LORD afflicts the nations that do not go up to keep the Feast of Booths. 19 This shall be the punishment to Egypt and the punishment to all the nations that do not go up to keep the Feast of Booths.”

c)      There may be others celebrated in the Messianic Kingdom, Ezek 46:9

9“When the people of the land come before the LORD at the appointed feasts, he who enters by the north gate to worship shall go out by the south gate, and he who enters by the south gate shall go out by the north gate: no one shall return by way of the gate by which he entered, but each shall go out straight ahead.

d)     We are encouraged in the New Testament to accept the festivals as part of our faith, as having been fulfilled (or to be imminently fulfilled) in Christ (from http://doctorwoodhead.com/jewish-festivals-in-the-millennial-kingdom/2/):

1. Passover was fulfilled in the death of Christ the Redeemer but clearly continues to the Millennium as a ceremony. (I Corinthians 5:7)

2. The Feast of Unleavened Bread is being fulfilled in the holy separate walk of the believer who fellowships with our Savior (I Corinthians 5:6-8; II Corinthians 7:1; Galatians 5:7-9)

3. The Feast of First fruits was fulfilled in the resurrection of Christ (I Corinthians 15:23)

4. The Feast of Pentecost was fulfilled in the establishment of the Church at Pentecost fifty days after the resurrection of Jesus (I Corinthians 10:16; 12:12-13)

5. The Feast of Trumpets will be fulfilled in the future regathering of Israel at the beginning of the Kingdom (Isaiah 18:3, 7; 27:12-13; Ezekiel 37:1-14) AND IN THE RAPTURE

6. The day of Atonement will be fulfilled in its prophetic features in the final conversion of “all Israel” at the Second Coming Zechariah 12:10-13; 13:1 Romans 11:26)

2. However, we CANNOT celebrate them in the letter, because:
1. EVERY festival requires a sacrifice to be made at the temple (Numbers 28-29). 
2. Three of the festivals need to be celebrated at the temple in Jerusalem.
3. God, wanting to make sure that His people knew that the temple services no longer were valid, destroyed His temple in AD 70, and it no longer provides this option to His people.  Christ is the only mediator.
4. Jesus has done away with the need for all animal sacrifice (Heb 10)
5. We are strictly warned not to look to the law for purity from sin. Gal 5:2-6:

“2 Look: I, Paul, say to you that if you accept circumcision, Christ will be of no advantage to you. 3 I testify again to every man who accepts circumcision that he is obligated to keep the whole law. 4 You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we ourselves eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness.6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything, but only faith working through love.

6. Also, as a blanket statement, Christ is the end of the law for righteousness, Romans 10:4
2. Also, we are not to look down on the Christian traditional holidays of Easter and Christmas, forsaking them in favor of the Jewish festivals, simply because they are “Biblical” and Christmas and Easter are not.
1. As stated above, any celebration of the Jewish festivals today are NOT strictly Biblical.  They can’t be without a temple and sacrifices.
2. The Jewish celebrations of these holidays have morphed so much over time adding tradition and additional practice that they are no more Biblical than Christmas trees and Easter eggs today.
3. The point is to honor and worship God and His Son, who instilled and fulfilled these holidays, and be edified by them.
2. Rosh Hashanah (The Jewish New Year, Feast of Trumpets)

1. Lev 23:23
1. First day of the 7th month (according to the sacred year).
1. Became the first day of the civil year
2. Believed to be the anniversary of Creation
2. A blast on the trumpet to alert the people that the fall festivals have begun.
3. It begins a 10-day window of fasting and mourning over sin (Days of Awe).
4. Heights of legalism and pious observance of the law.
5. Required a day of solemn rest and Sabbath.
6. Called to gather together and worship (but not necessarily at Jerusalem)
7. Called to bring a food offering (this begins the time of fall Harvest.)
2. Numbers 29
1. The sacrifices listed
2. Normal daily offering, PLUS the new moon offering, PLUS several additional sacrifices.
3. A "pleasing aroma," literally meaning "to be made into smoke."
1. Completely consumed. 
2. A time of complete devotion is coming.
3. The kind of trumpet is not specified "A day for blasting"
1. The sound is what is signified.  H: Teruwah N. a loud shout, alarm or blast of a trumpet.
2. The verbal form is Ruwah, which is used in Job 38:7 regarding creation.
1. This is why the Jews believe that this is the day of creation.
2. If so, and if their calendar is correct in counting years, then Rosh Hashanah this year (2019) will begin year 5780 since creation.
3. Silver Trumpets of Numbers 10
1. To be blown to call people together for worship
2. To send them out
3. To sound the alarm to prepare them for battle.
4. To proclaim feasts.
5. Used for this holiday until the captivity to Babylon. Then, they were lost.
4. Shofar, Rams' horns
1. Pictures of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice Isaac.
2. They believe that the shofar proclaims that God will save the Jews and restore them to greatness at the last moment when all hope is lost... and they're right! Matt 24 (vs 31)
5. Both trumpets’ symbolisms are conveyed on the holiday.
4. Interruptions and Rosh Hashanah:
1. Trumpets falls at the end of the harvest season.  It’s a busy time!  There isn’t a lot of time left to get produce in before the rains start.
2. Because it’s start time coincides with the imaging of the crescent moon from the Temple Mount, nobody knows exactly when it will happen.
3. There is a mandatory two-day rest that starts when the shofar is blown.  They literally are to drop their tools in the field and go home to begin the preparation for the fall holy days (Matt 24:40).
4. Work while you may, the time of the harvest is now: John 4:31-38.
5. There will come a time when you cannot work: John 9:4
6. Once the trumpet is heard, men over the age of 12 had to be in Jerusalem in 10 days.  Pause for a solemn rest, then begin the preparations immediately.
7.  The work that remained in the field was done by women and children (Jews left to finish the work of evangelism when the church is taken).
5. Judgment and Rosh Hashanah
1. Jews believe that Yahweh holds court starting on Rosh Hashanah and that all the souls of men are made to stand before him in the heavenly courts on this day. 
2. Three groups:
1. The completely righteous, who are blessed.
2. The completely reprobate, who are reserved for judgment (on Yom Kippur).
3. The “in-between,” who are given time to demonstrate their hearts (by Yom Kippur). 
3. Only one group is “done” on Rosh Hashanah, the righteous enjoy their reward starting that day.  Sound familiar?
4. At the rapture, only the Bride of Christ enters into her eternal reward immediately.  The rest of the world will go through the tribulation to face the final judgment at the end of the 7 years.
5. In reality, there are only two groups: the saved and the fallen.  Reminiscent of the parable of the sheep and the goats: Matt 25:31ff
6. Trumpets and the Rapture:
1. Jesus has fulfilled one aspect of Sukkot, the late fall feast, and he has fulfilled all of the Spring feasts. 
1. Note: He fulfilled them all on the actual days.
2. Trumpets is next.
2. The rapture will accomplish several things:
1. The “last trumpet” will be the rapture

1)      Matt 24:31

2)     1Cor 15:51-52

3)     1Thes 4:16-18

2. The church (Bride of Christ) will consummate its marriage to Christ

1)      At the beginning of a wedding feast, a trumpet is blown before the bridegroom as he comes to take his bride.

2)     During the 7-day wedding feast, the bride and bridegroom are intimate, the guests rejoice, and those who were not ready mourn

a)     Gen 29:22-28

b)     Judges 14

c)      Mat 25:1-13

d)     Matthew 25

e)     Joel 2:15-16

f)       This 7-day feast represents the 7-year tribulation period when the church is finally with her bridegroom in true intimacy, and those outside are tormented.

3)     At the end of the 7-day feast is a marriage supper, the height of the party. The bride and groom are pronounced one.  Rev 19

3. On the feast of trumpets, the East gate of the temple (normally closed) was opened (Ezek 46)

1)      Rev 3:8

2)     Rev 4:1

3)     Matt 25:10

4)     John 10:7-9

5)     Isa 26:19-21

6)     Luke 13:24

7)     Ps 27:5

4. Those who are raptured are hidden from the wrath of God.

1)      Yom HaKeseh, meaning “The Day of the Hiding” or “the Hidden Day.” It is the feast that is concealed as to when it starts.

2)     “Sound the shofar on the New Moon, in the concealment of the day of our festival” (Psalm 81:3)

3)     We will be hidden from the wrath of God.

a)     Psalm 27:5

b)     Psalm 47

c)      Isa 26:20

d)     Joel 2:1, 32

e)     Zeph 1:14-16; 2:3

5. Those not raptured who should have known better (those cultural Christians, and especially the Jews) will repent in large numbers, seek the Lord, and be the tribulation church.  This is also a feature of the feast of trumpets.

1)      Neh 8:1-3

2)     Dan 12:1-2

3. I thought the rapture’s date was unknown?
1. The Feast of Trumpets’ fulfillment in the rapture will happen on this feast, but which day of the feast and which year is hidden.
2. 1Thes 5:1-11 & 2Pet 3:10

1)      The unsaved will be caught off guard.  The saints will not.

2)     We are not to be “in the dark” about the rapture.

3)     “Like a thief in the night” phrase was frequently used of the bridegroom, who would shout gather the guests hurriedly and unexpectedly for the wedding feast.

3. Matt 25:13

1)      The first sight of the first sliver of the crescent moon over Jerusalem. Don’t know when.  Even now, with Google’s astronomy tools, you don’t know when it will be seen.

2)     This actual phrase was used of the feast. “No man knows the day or the hour.”

a)     Mishnah explains Deut 16:1, to “observe” the moon, that we must look for the actual moon to rise, not calculate the moon.

b)     A Calculated Jewish Calendar was created in AD 412 that predicted the start of the months based on astronomical knowledge at the time, and it is born out by observations to be correct, but that misses the point that the moons are to be observed.

c)      Calendar celebration of Rosh Hashanah is sundown Sept 29-31.  However, the new moon will actually rise over Jerusalem (according to Google) 6:58 am on the 29th (11:58 pm on the 27th for us). It has to actually be seen from the temple mount, though, so a building, a tree, a cloudy night, or some other obstruction will change the time.  

d)     The Lunar observation, therefore, will happen several hours earlier than the calendar’s commencement of the holiday.

3)     Notice it doesn’t say that you won’t know the season (ref above).

4)     Also, we are to look at the signs of his coming and know that it approaches (Matt 24)

6. Application:
1. God is purposeful and sovereign.  His plan of redemption has been laid out since the beginning of time (Rev 13:8).
2. He has shared his calendar with us so that we may understand his plan and know his ways (John 15:15-16).
3. God has shown us how he will work to redeem all things, but the specifics of the timing are still a mystery to us.  Part of the point of this holiday is that God has the right to interrupt our work and call us to worship Him.
4. Just as the laborers worked as hard as they could, and even harder as they “saw the day approaching,” we ought to be about the work of the kingdom with greater fervency in these last days.

Discussion Questions:

1. What do you think about the idea that God has a calendar that He uses to manage his activity in the world? Does that affect the way you see the world?
2. Part of the meaning of trumpets is that God has a right to interrupt your plans and call you to worship and serve Him.  Does He have that permission in your life?
3. Part of the meaning of trumpets is that God judges the hearts of men.  In which of the groups into which the Jews believed God sorted the hearts of men would you find yourself: Righteous, Rebellious, or Undecided?  If you are undecided, you never know when God will interrupt your life with judgment and it will be too late.
4. The workers in the field knew that the holiday was coming and that they would soon need to put their tools down. They worked harder as the holiday approached.  Are you busy with the work of the kingdom while we await the rapture?